Theory of Planned Behaviour-Based Oral Health Education for Intention and Behaviour in Type 2 Diabetes
https://doi.org/10.53770/medica.v8i10.1420
Keywords
Behavioural Intention Diabetes Mellitus Health Education Oral Health Planned BehaviourAbstract
People with diabetes have an increased risk of oral health problems, yet knowledge alone may not produce consistent self-care behaviour. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral health education based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour on behavioural intention and self-reported oral health behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was conducted from May to July 2026 in Surabaya, Indonesia. One hundred purposively sampled participants were recruited from two community health centres: Kedungdoro (intervention, n = 50) and Pakis (control, n = 50). The intervention group received education using a module based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, whereas the control group received standard oral health education. Outcomes were measured at baseline and one month later using structured questionnaires; within-group changes were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and between-group differences using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline scores. Scores increased in both groups, with larger gains in the intervention group. After adjustment, the intervention group had higher posttest scores for the total Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs (p < 0.001), behavioural intention (adjusted mean difference 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.81; p = 0.005), and self-reported oral health behaviour (adjusted mean difference 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.40; p = 0.001). Theory-based oral health education may strengthen both intention and daily oral care practices among people with type 2 diabetes and could be integrated into primary care chronic disease programmes, although randomised studies with clinical outcomes are needed.
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