Dietary Patterns, Hydration, and Hypertension among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
https://doi.org/10.53770/medica.v8i8.1168
Keywords
Hypertension Dietary Patterns Hydration Status Elderly Preventive Geriatric NursingAbstract
Hypertension is a growing public health issue among community-dwelling elderly in Indonesia. Dietary patterns and daily fluid intake are modifiable lifestyle factors that may influence blood pressure, yet their combined effects in community settings remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and daily fluid intake and hypertension among Indonesian community-dwelling elderly and to identify implications for preventive geriatric nursing. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 146 elderly participants at the Elderly Integrated Health Post in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Dietary patterns and daily fluid intake were assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary pattern scores were categorised as low (≤50), moderate (51-75), and high (≥76). Daily fluid intake was classified as adequate (≥2 liters/day) or inadequate (<2 liters/day) based on self-reported consumption. Blood pressure was measured following WHO guidelines. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. The prevalence of hypertension was low (9.6%). A moderate dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower odds of hypertension (AOR = 0.189; 95% CI: 0.039–0.912; p = 0.038), while a high dietary pattern showed a non-significant protective trend. Daily fluid intake was not significantly associated with hypertension. The low prevalence may have limited statistical power. This study suggests an association between better dietary patterns and lower hypertension odds among community-dwelling older adults. These findings support the development of practical dietary education programs by nurses at the Elderly Integrated Health Post as part of preventive geriatric nursing strategies in Indonesia.
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