Empowering Caregivers to Improve Working Posture Management for Preventing Musculoskeletal Injuries in Long Term Care Settings

Ni Luh Dwi Indrayani; Ni Luh Putu Inca Agustini Buntari; I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa; Ni Kadek Sutini; Sergul Duygulu; Vitug Portia; Israfil Israfil; Ni Wayan Riska Sagita

doi:10.53770/amjpm.v5i1.522

Authors

Ni Luh Dwi Indrayani Master of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Ni Luh Putu Inca Agustini Buntari Master of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa Master of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Ni Kadek Sutini Bachelor of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Sergul Duygulu Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Vitug Portia Department of Nursing, Saint Paul, Philippines
Israfil Israfil Master of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Ni Wayan Riska Sagita Bachelor of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53770/amjpm.v5i1.522

Keywords:

Caregiver, Long Term Care, Musculoskeletal Injury, Working Posture

Abstract

Physically demanding tasks in long-term care, such as lifting and repositioning patients, increase caregivers' risk of musculoskeletal disorders, highlighting the need for empowerment through targeted education and skills training to ensure safe practices. This community service aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational training program for caregivers, focusing on working posture management and technique in transferring older people to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. A pre- and post-intervention design was used to assess cognitive improvement and participant satisfaction among 41 caregivers in community setting. Results showed a marked increase in correct responses across all questionnaire items following the training, indicating improved knowledge and satisfaction throughout the training. The increased to 95.1% after the training was found, indicating a significant gain in knowledge about the basic concepts of transfer techniques. Participants expressed high satisfaction, with simulation-based learning identified as the most effective instructional method. The findings suggest that targeted, practical training can enhance caregivers’ competencies and contribute to safer caregiving practices. Despite these positive outcomes, limitations included a participant bias, limited follow-up, or the socio-economic context of the participants in short-term evaluation. Future programs are recommended to include follow-up assessments and wider community involvement to ensure long-term impact and sustainability.

References

Agustini, N. L. P. I. B., Susanti, N. P. A., Sri, N. K., Wahyuni, I., Israfil, I., & Indrayani, N. L. D. (2025). Pemberdayaan Keluarga Berbasis Video Edukasi dalam Pencegahan dan Perawatan Dekubitus Pada Pasien Post Stroke di RSUD Kabupaten Klungkung.

Dianat, I., Afshari, D., Sarmasti, N., Sangdeh, M. S., & Azaddel, R. (2020). Work posture, working conditions and musculoskeletal outcomes in agricultural workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2020.102941

Galinsky, T., Deter, L., Krieg, E., Feng, H. A., Battaglia, C., Bell, R., Haddock, K. S., Hilton, T., Lynch, C., Matz, M., Moscatel, S., Riley, F. D., Sampsel, D., & Shaw, S. (2021). Safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) for increasingly bariatric patient populations: Factors related to caregivers' self-reported pain and injury. Appl Ergon, 91, 103300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103300

Guzik, A. (2013). Essentials for occupational health nursing. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons

Han, X., Nishida, N., Morita, M., Mitsuda, M., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Visualization of Caregiving Posture and Risk Evaluation of Discomfort and Injury. Applied Sciences, 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312699

Hernández, C. O., Li, S., Rivera, M. D. M., & Rodríguez, I. M. (2022). Does Postural Feedback Reduce Musculoskeletal Risk?: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sustainability, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010583

Hwang, J., Kuppam, V. A., Chodraju, S. S. R., Chen, J., & Kim, J. H. (2019). Commercially Available Friction-Reducing Patient-Transfer Devices Reduce Biomechanical Stresses on Caregivers' Upper Extremities and Low Back. Hum Factors, 61(7), 1125-1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819827208

Indrayani, N. L. D. (2025). Trends of concept analysis in nursing science with Walker and Avant approaches: a literature review. Innovation in Health for Society, 5(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31603/ihs.12858

Indrayani, N. L. D., Wang, J. J., Chang, J. H., Permatasari, H., & Wang, C. J. (2022). Development of an educational protocol for ergonomic risk assessment of working postures to enhance the competence of occupational health nurses. International Journal of Nursing Practice 28(5), e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13052

NIOSH. 2018. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) CDC. 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ergonomics

Nourollahi, M., Afshari, D., & Dianat, I. (2018). Awkward trunk postures and their relationship with low back pain in hospital nurses. Work, 59(3), 317-323. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182683

Oakman, J., Clune, S., & Stuckey, R. (2019). Work related musculoskeletal in Australia. Canberra: Safe Work Australia.

Palsson, T. S., Boudreau, S., Hogh, M., Herrero, P., Bellosta-Lopez, P., Domenech-Garcia, V., Langella, F., Gagni, N., Christensen, S. W., & Villumsen, M. (2020). Education as a strategy for managing occupational-related musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review. BMJ Open, 10(2), e032668. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032668

Su, J. M., Chang, J. H., Indrayani, N. L. D., & Wang, C. J. (2023). Machine learning approach to determine the decision rules in ergonomic assessment of working posture in sewing machine operators. J Safety Res, 87, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.08.008

Sutini, N. K., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Kamaryati, N. P., Agustini, N. I. B., Susanti, N. L. P. D., Nuartini, N. N., & Sanjana, I. W. E. (2024). Pelatihan perawatan diri dasar pada kader lansia sebagai bagian dari perawatan jangka panjang. Genitri: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan, 3(1), 69-76.

Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Agustini, N. L. P. I. B., Sani, A. W., Wahyuni, N. W. S., Wangi, N. L. P. A. P., & Putra, K. A. D. (2024). Pemberdayaan Lansia Melalui Edukasi Metode Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech And Time Sebagai Self Awarness Terhadap Deteksi Dini Stroke. Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada, 6(2), 151-161

Watts, T., & Green, J. E. (2023). Collaborating With Community Partners to Address Population Health in an Online Advanced Nursing Practice Course. Nurse Educ, 48(6), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001414

Wilson, N., Barcellona, M., Lambert, P., Storey, P., Foster, B., Waller, B., & Wilkins, B. (2024). Feasibility of a Community‐Based Aquatic and Peer Support Intervention for People With Musculoskeletal Disorders Delivered via a Cross‐Sector Partnership—A Service Evaluation. Musculoskeletal Care, 22(4), e1950.Yirdaw, G., & Adane, B. (2024). Self-reported work-related musculoskeletal problems and associated risk factors among three-wheel car drivers in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional community-based study. Journal of Pain Research, 61-71.

Yuan, H., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Ergonomic assessment based on monocular RGB camera in elderly care by a new multi-person 3D pose estimation technique (ROMP). International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2023.103440