Formulation and Activity Test of Anti-Acne Toner Containing Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) against Propionibacterium acnes Bacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53770/amhj.v5i2.496Keywords:
Antibacterial, Cymbopogon nardus, Propionibacterium acnes, Toner FormulationAbstract
Acne (Acne vulgaris) is caused by colonization of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria on the skin. The use of natural ingredients with antimicrobial activity for acne medication is an attractive alternative because it is considered safer than chemical ingredients. Lemongrass shows antibacterial activity. Lemongrass acne gel preparations can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This study aims to formulate the preparation and antibacterial activity of lemongrass essential oil toner. The method used is an experimental method. Variations in the concentration of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) were tested at 10%, 20%, and 30%. The essential oil was produced using steam distillation. The physical quality of the toner formulation was tested using organoleptic testing, homogeneity testing, pH testing, and viscosity testing. This was followed by irritation testing, hedonic testing, and antibacterial activity testing of the toner formulation. Data analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc. The acne-fighting toner based on lemongrass essential oil exhibited good physical characteristics, including a slightly opaque white color, a distinctive lemongrass aroma, a liquid texture that absorbs easily into the skin, and visual homogeneity. pH and viscosity tests showed significant differences between formulations, but all remained within safe ranges. Irritation tests showed that all formulations are safe for use as they did not cause negative reactions on the volunteers' skin. Based on hedonic testing, the formulation with a 20% concentration was most preferred by panelists in terms of aroma and color. Antibacterial activity testing showed that all concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) were able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, with effectiveness increasing as the concentration increased. The 10% formulation already demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity, while the 20% and 30% formulations fall into the strong category. Therefore, the lemongrass essential oil toner is effective and safe for use as an acne treatment, with an optimal concentration of 20%.
References
A’yun, Q., Hermana, B., & Kalsum, U. (2020). Analisis Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Pada Beberapa Varietas. Jurnal Pertanian Presisi (Journal of Precision Agriculture), 4(2), 160–173. https://doi.org/10.35760/jpp.2020.v4i2.3343
Chanthai, S., Prachakoll, S., Ruangviriyachai, C., & Luthria, D. L. (2012). Influence of extraction methodologies on the analysis of five major volatile aromatic compounds of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) and lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) grown in thailand. Journal of AOAC International, 95(3), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-335
Dewi, S. R., & Hanifa, D. N. C. (2021). Karakterisasi dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Oil against Propionibacterium acnes. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 18(02), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v18i2.7564
Hilmarni, Afriyeni, F., & Mulyani, D. (2022). Pemanfaatan Water Aromatik/Hydrosol Daun Torbangun (Plectranthus ambonicus L) Dalam Formulasi Face Toner. SITAWA : Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Obat Tradisional, 1(2), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.62018/sitawa.v1i2.7
Innsan, M. F., Shahril, M. H., Samihah, M. S., Asma, O. S., Radzi, S. M., Abd Jalil, A. K., & Hanina, M. N. (2011). Pharmacodynamic properties of essential oils from Cymbopogon species. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(24), 2676–2679. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.693
Karami, M. R. A. N., Malahayati, S., Hidayah, N., & Budi, S. (2023). Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Toner Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Bunga Melati (Jasminum sambac L.). Jurnal Farmasi SYIFA, 1(2), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.63004/jfs.v1i2.235
Kotimah, M. N. (2023). Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas sediaan Toner Anti Acne Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Skripsi, 6–37.
Maarif, V., Nur, H. M., & Septianisa, T. A. (2019). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Skincare Yang Sesuai Dengan Jenis Kulit Wajah Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy. EVOLUSI : Jurnal Sains Dan Manajemen, 7(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.31294/evolusi.v7i2.6755
Muhsinin, S., Salsabilla, D. Z., Mardhiani, Y. D., & Jafar, G. (2023). Formulation and Evaluation of a Turmeric Kombucha Facial Toner with Potential as an Anti-Acne Agent. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 13(1), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i1.5721
Naeem, A., Abbas, T., Ali, T. M., & Hasnain, A. (2018). Essential Oils: Brief Background and Uses. Annals of Short Reports, 1-6. Retrieved from: https://www.remedypublications.com/annals-of-short-reports-abstract.php?aid=516
Nurlina, S., Patmayuni, D., & Amelia, K. (2022). Efektifitas Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Ilmiah Bakti Farmasi, 7(2), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.61685/jibf.v7i2.91
Okoro, E., Ogunbiyi, A., & George, A. (2016). Prevalensi dan pola jerawat vulgaris di kalangan remaja di Ibadan, Nigeria barat daya. Jurnal Masyarakat Dermatologi Wanita Mesir , 13, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EWX0000470561.85599.0d
Olisvelos, K. A., Aditiyarini, D., & Prasetyaningsih, A. (2023). Potensi Minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus aureus pada Sediaan Gel Antijerawat. Jurnal Pro-Life, 10(1), 684–695. Retrieved from: https://ejournal.uki.ac.id/index.php/prolife
Purgiyanti, P., Prabandari, S., Susiyarti, S., & Ayuningtyas, D. (2023). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Keterampilan: Edukasi Dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Toner Pembersih Wajah Dari Ampas Teh Di Smk Al Ikhlas Tegal. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 7(1), 323. https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v7i1.13237
Puspawati, N. M., Suirta, I. W., & Bahri, S. (2016). Isolasi, Identifikasi, Serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Pada Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). Jurnal Kimia, 10(2), 219-227. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2016.v10.i02.p08
Simanjuntak, F. M. K., & Tarigan, R. (2014). Pengaruh pemberian minyak atsiri dari daun sirih (Piper batle Linn) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi / IPA Dan Pembelajarannya, 2, 339–349.
Siregar, I. P. (2020). Studi Pemanfaatan Water Aromatic / Hidrosol Sereh Wangi Dalam Pembuatan Kosmetik Face Toner. Pendidikan Teknik Boga Busana, 15(1), 1–8.
Try, L. R., Zakiyah, G. L., Lailia, K. E., Puspita, H. R., Ilham, K. A. P., Kholidatul, F., Laili, W. S., Tiffany, Islamiah, K. D., Christiananta, S. D. D., & Yuni, P. (2021). Perilaku mahasiswa terkait cara mengatasi jerawat. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 8(1), 15–19.
Wijayati, N., Pratiwi, D., Wirasti, H., & Mursiti, S. (2023). Minyak Serai Wangi Dan Produk Derivatnya. Book chapter Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang, 3, 49–83. https://doi.org/10.15294/ka.v1i3.149
Winato, B. M., Sanjaya, E., Siregar, L., Fau, S. K. Y. M. V., & Mutia, M. S. (2019). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan), 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2210
Yuliastuti, D., Indriapuspa, C., & Pratiwi, P. Y. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Toner Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Purut (Cytrus hystrix Dc) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Media Farmasi Indonesia, 63-135. https://doi.org/10.53359/mfi.v18i2.223
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmar Metastasis Health Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
