Efektivitas Metode Penyuluhan dan Konseling Dalam Upaya Perbaikan Status Gizi Pada Anak Malnutrisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53770/amhj.v2i3.147Keywords:
Konseling, Penyuluhan, Malnutrisi, Wasting, StuntingAbstract
Malnutrisi didefinisikan sebagai kondisi kekurangan atau kelebihan dalam asupan nutrisi, ketidakseimbangan nutrisi atau gangguan pemanfaatan nutrisi. Manifestasi dari undernutrition dapat berupa wasting, stunting, underweight, dan kekurangan micronutrient. Secara global diperkirakan terdapat 149 juta anak dibawah usia 5 tahun mengalami stunting, 45 juta anak diperkirakan mengalami wasting dan 38.9 juta mengalami overweight atau obese pada tahun 2020. Tujuan sistematik review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode Pendidikan berupa penyuluhan dan konseling terhadap perbaikan kondisi anak wasting, stunting dan underweight. Metode penelitian ini yaitu seleksi artikel menggunakan PRISMA Guidelines, artikel didapatkan dari 3 database kesehatan yaitu Pubmed, Sciencedirect, dan Plos ONE. Kata kunci utama dalam SR ini adalah “stunting”, “malnutrition”, “wasting”, “education, dan “counseling”. Hasil: pencarian pada 3 database didapatkan 1145 artikel (Pubmed 418, Plos One 329, dan Sciencedirect 398). Artikel diseleksi berpedoman pada PRISMA guidelines dan dinilai menggunakan Joanna Brigs Appraisal Tools. Didapatkan 15 artikel yang akan direview. Hasil review didapatkan 3 kategori intervensi, 1) Konseling Kunjungan Rumah, 2) penyuluhan kelompok dalam kelas, dan 3) kombinasi konseling kunjungan rumah dan penyuluhan kelompok dalam kelas. Pada beberapa kondisi intervensi tersebut berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi malnutrisi diantaranya stunting, wasting, dan underweight. Kesimpulan: konseling menyediakan suasana kondusif untuk responden dapat menerima informasi secara terbuka, penyuluhan tentang gizi mendorong responen untuk memberikan makanan yang beragam dan bergizi kepada anak.
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